Integration of genomic and ecological methods inform management of an undescribed, yet highly exploited, sardine species.

Assessing genetic diversity within species is key for conservation strategies in the context of human-induced biotic changes. This is important in marine systems, where many species remain undescribed while being overfished, and conflicts between resource-users and conservation agencies are common. Combining niche modelling with population genomics can contribute to resolving those conflicts by identifying management units and understanding how past climatic cycles resulted in current patterns of genetic diversity. We addressed these issues on an undescribed but already overexploited species of sardine of the genus Harengula. We find that the species distribution is determined by salinity and depth, with a continuous distribution along the Brazilian mainland and two disconnected oceanic archipelagos. Genomic data indicate that such biogeographic barriers are associated with two divergent intraspecific lineages. Changes in habitat availability during the last glacial cycle led to different demographic histories among stocks. One coastal population experienced a 3.6-fold expansion, whereas an island-associated population contracted 3-fold, relative to the size of the ancestral population. Our results indicate that the island population should be managed separately from the coastal population, and that a Marine Protected Area covering part of the island population distribution can support the viability of this lineage.

Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil.

Hypsolebia antenori is a seasonal killifish considered to be broadly distributed along the Caatingas basins of northeastern Brazil, with records in the coastal drainages of the rio Pacoti, rio Jaguaribe, crrego Virglio and rio Apodi-Mossor basins. Based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, it was possible to diagnose two new species and restrict H. antenori to the rio Jaguaribe basin. Hypsolebias gongobira new species is described from a temporary pool in the rio Pacoti basin in Cear State, in syntopy with the species threatened H. longignatus. Hypsolebias bonita new species occurs in the floodplains of the rio Apodi-Mossor basin and in the crrego Virglio microbasin in the Furna Feia National Park, in Rio Grande do Norte State. We also discuss the conservation status of these new species and how the So Francisco Interbasin Water transfer, and the agricultural and urban expansion in the semiarid may be adversely affecting these seasonal killifishes.

Ichthyofauna of the Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park: watershed divide in the main agricultural encroachment area in the Brazilian Cerrado / Ictiofauna do Parque Nacional Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba: um divisor de bacias hidrográficas na principal área de expansão agrícola do Cerrado Brasileiro

The Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park (NPNP), located in Brazilian Cerrado, protects portions of three river basins: headwaters of Parnaíba, a small portion in upper Tocantins-Araguaia, and tributaries of the middle section of the São Francisco. This protected area is in the boundaries of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia, also known as MATOPIBA, a region that has established rapid agricultural expansion associated to land conflicts between corporate agriculture, family agriculture, protected areas, indigenous territories, and quilombola communities. The knowledge of the ichthyofauna in this region is scarce while the impacts on the aquatic environments are increasing. We made a survey of fishes in the NPNP and its surroundings areas, estimating richness, endemics, introduced and shared species between river basins. During 2014, 54 sampling sites were visited, 19 in the NPNP and 35 in the surrounding area. Ninety-five species, 51 genera, 22 families, and six orders were recorded, of which 38 (40%) are in the NPNP. One introduced species were recorded in the Parnaíba River basin and no endangered species were registered. Our data corroborate the importance of the network of protected areas for the preservation of Cerrado fishes, including some possibly undescribed and restricted-range species that may be threatened due to intense agricultural encroachment in the MATOPIBA region.

O Parque Nacional Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (PNNP), localizado no Cerrado brasileiro, protege diferentes porções de três bacias hidrográficas, as cabeceiras do Parnaíba, uma pequena porção do alto rio Tocantins e tributários do trecho médio do São Francisco. Esta área protegida está localizada nos limites dos estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, também conhecida como MATOPIBA, região que tem apresentado rápida expansão agrícola associada a conflitos fundiários do agronegócio com agricultura familiar, áreas protegidas, territórios indígenas e comunidades quilombolas. O conhecimento da ictiofauna nessas regiões é escasso, embora os impactos sobre os ecossistemas aquáticos sejam crescentes. Assim, elaboramos um levantamento de peixes do PNNP e em seu entorno, identificando a riqueza, espécies endêmicas, introduzidas e compartilhadas entre bacias hidrográficas. Durante o ano de 2014 foram visitados 54 locais de amostragem, 19 no PNNP e 35 no entorno. Foram coletadas 95 espécies, 51 gêneros, 22 famílias e seis ordens, das quais 38 espécies (40%) estão no PNNP. Uma espécie introduzida foi registrada na bacia do rio Parnaíba e nenhuma espécie ameaçada de extinção foi registrada. Os dados aqui apresentados corroboram a importância da rede de áreas protegidas para a preservação dos peixes do Cerrado, com espécies potencialmente novas e de distribuição restrita, que podem estar ameaçadas devido à intensa expansão agrícola na região do MATOPIBA.

Review of the armoured catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Parnaíba River basin, Northeastern Brazil, with description of a new species

The species of Hypostomus from the Parnaíba River basin were reviewed through molecular and morphological analysis. Five species were found in the basin, including a new species herein described. The distribution of H. pusarum was expanded to this basin, and a closely related species was recorded (H. aff. pusarum), also the presence of H. johnii and H. vaillanti was confirmed. The new species is distinguished from most congeners by its large number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, a wide dental angle of 115° to 135°, presence of a rounded dark spots on a lighter background and anteromedial region of the abdomen depleted of plaques (vs. anteromedial region of the abdomen covered by platelets and odontodes in H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum and H. vaillanti). Furthermore, an identification key of the species from the Maranhão-Piauí ecoregion and maps with the geographic distribution of these species are presented. The species of Hypostomus in the Parnaíba River basin have different geographic distributions, suggesting different niches or geographical barriers, providing an opportunity for ecological and evolutionary studies.(AU)

As espécies de Hypostomus da bacia do rio Parnaíba foram revisadas por meio de análises moleculares e morfológicas. Cinco espécies foram encontradas na bacia, incluindo uma nova espécie aqui descrita. A distribuição de H. pusarum foi expandida para esta bacia, uma espécie intimamente relacionada foi registrada (H. aff. pusarum), e a presença de H. johnii e H. vaillanti foi confirmada. A nova espécie se distingue da maioria das congêneres por seu grande número de dentes nos pré-maxilares e dentários, um amplo ângulo do dentário de 115° a 135°, presença de manchas escuras arredondadas em um fundo mais claro e região anteromedial do abdômen sem placas (vs. região anteromedial do abdômen coberta por placas e odontódios em H. johnii, H. pusarum, H. aff. pusarum e H. vaillanti). Além disso, é apresentada uma chave de identificação das espécies da ecorregião Maranhão-Piauí e mapas com a distribuição geográfica dessas espécies. As espécies de Hypostomus na bacia do rio Parnaíba apresentam diferentes distribuições geográficas, sugerindo diferentes nichos ou barreiras geográficas, proporcionando oportunidade para estudos ecológicos e evolutivos.(AU)

Macrobrachium/ Spence Bate, 1868 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae): New records, range extension and geographic distribution in the Northeastern Caatinga amp; Coastal Drainages, and São Francisco hydrographic ecoregions, Northeast of Brazil.

This study constitutes the most comprehensive effort ever done to assess the faunal diversity of the Macrobrachium genus within two ecoregions that encompass part of the northeastern Brazil: the Northeastern Caatinga Coastal Drainages, and the São Francisco (Lower-middle and Lower portions). Through sampling in several of their hydrographic basins, bibliographic research, and consulting scientific collections, our results reveal the occurrence of five species along these ecoregions: Macrobrachium acanthurus, M. amazonicum, M. carcinus, M. jelskii and M. olfersii. We also provide the first record of these species for several river basins in both ecoregions. Additionally, we confirm the occurrence of M. carcinus from Rio Grande do Norte State and provide updated distribution maps for each species in the studied area. This carcinofauna survey may form the basis for future evaluations of eventual anthropic impacts on biological diversity resulting from projects being implemented in these regions, which involve the São Francisco interbasin water transfer.

A new catfish species of Microcambeva Costa Bockmann 1994 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from a coastal basin in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil.

Microcambeva bendego, a small psammophilous catfish species, is described from the rio Guapi-Macacu basin at Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro State, an Atlantic Forest remnant. This coastal drainage has been explored by several naturalists and fish researchers since the 19th century. It is a drainage with remarkably high endemism and species richness, and some recently-described and threatened species. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by two distinctive characters: long finger-like projections in the branchial isthmus and a large opercular patch of odontodes with 19 odontodes. Due to the paucity of specimens (n=3) osteological features of the new species were accessed by CT-Scan images of the holotype. Microcambeva bendego shares putative synapomorphies with two congeners, M. ribeirae and M. filamentosa, such as the fusion of supraorbital pore s6, the absence of ossification in the anterior autopalatine cartilage, the presence of an elongated and wide posterior process of the autopalatine, and a concavity on the dorsal process of the opercle. Those characters suggest that M. bendego is more closely related to those two species from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin than to other congeners. The biogeography and conservation status of M. bendego are also discussed.

Review of the genus Malacoctenus (Actinopterygii: Labrisomidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic, with description of two new species.

The labrisomid genus Malacoctenus from Southwestern Atlantic is reviewed. Two new species of scaly blennies formerly reported by several authors as Malacoctenus triangulatus are described. One is found at the oceanic islands Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Atol das Rocas, and the other is distributed along the Brazilian coastline. The two new species differ from other species of the genus and from each other by different combinations of the number of lateral-line scales, number and size of head cirri, and color pattern. Molecular data also support species' distinctiveness between M. triangulatus and the species described herein. Two additional recognized Brazilian species, M. delalandii and M. brunoi are described and illustrated and an identification key to all recognized Atlantic species is provided.

Freshwater fishes of the Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil / Peixes de água doce do Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract: This work was carried out from the assessment of the conservation status of the freshwater ichthyofauna from Bahia State. The inventory data and species distribution were obtained from the specialized scientific literature and representative ichthyological collections. A total of 281 native species was recorded in Bahia State, distributed in the Northeastern Mata Atlantica (NMA) and São Francisco (SFR) freshwater ecoregions. There was a larger number of species in the NMA (187 spp.), composed by several coastal basins, than in the SFR (134 spp.), composed by São Francisco river basin. Among the 30 families recorded, Characidae and Rivulidae were the most representative, with 53 and 48 species, respectively. The conservation status of 214 species was assessed and 33 of them (15%) were included in the IUCN threat categories. Of these, 11 species were classified as vulnerable (VU), 12 as endangered (EN), and 10 as critically endangered (CR). Most threatened species (n = 14) belongs to the family Rivulidae. The larger number of threatened species in the NMA: (n = 23) is mainly related to the high endemism of restricted-range species associated with the human occupation impacts along the coastal regions. In the SFR, most of threatened species are annual killifishes, which are locally disappearing due to increasing degradation of their temporary habitats.

Resumo: Este trabalho foi realizado a partir da avaliação do estado de conservação da ictiofauna de água doce do Estado da Bahia. Os dados de inventário e distribuição das espécies foram obtidos a partir da literatura científica especializada e de coleções ictiológicas representativas. Um total de 281 espécies nativas foi registrado no Estado da Bahia, distribuídas nas ecorregiões de água doce Mata Atlântica Nordeste (NMA) e São Francisco (SFR). A riqueza de espécies foi maior na NMA (187 spp.), composta por diversas bacias costeiras, do que na SFR (134 spp.), composta pela bacia do rio São Francisco. Das 30 famílias registradas, as mais representativas foram Characidae e Rivulidae, com 53 e 48 espécies, respectivamente. O estado de conservação de 214 espécies foi avaliado e 33 (15%) destas foram classificadas em alguma categoria de ameaça da IUCN. Destas, 11 foram classificadas como vulneráveis (VU), 12 em perigo (EN) e 10 criticamente em perigo (CR). A maioria das espécies ameaçadas (n = 14) pertence à família Rivulidae. O elevado número de espécies ameaçadas na NMA: (n = 23) está associado ao alto endemismo das espécies com distribuição restrita e aos impactos da ocupação humana ao longo da região costeira. Na SFR, a maioria das espécies ameaçadas é de peixes anuais, que estão localmente desaparecendo devido à degradação crescente de seus habitats temporários.

A multiple hypothesis approach to explain species richness patterns in neotropical stream-dweller fish communities.

Several hypotheses are used to explain species richness patterns. Some of them (e.g. species-area, species-energy, environment-energy, water-energy, terrestrial primary productivity, environmental spatial heterogeneity, and climatic heterogeneity) are known to explain species richness patterns of terrestrial organisms, especially when they are combined. For aquatic organisms, however, it is unclear if these hypotheses can be useful to explain for these purposes. Therefore, we used a selection model approach to assess the predictive capacity of such hypotheses, and to determine which of them (combined or not) would be the most appropriate to explain the fish species distribution in small Brazilian streams. We perform the Akaike's information criteria for models selections and the eigenvector analysis to control the special autocorrelation. The spatial structure was equal to 0.453, Moran's I, and require 11 spatial filters. All models were significant and had adjustments ranging from 0.370 to 0.416 with strong spatial component (ranging from 0.226 to 0.369) and low adjustments for environmental data (ranging from 0.001 to 0.119) We obtained two groups of hypothesis are able to explain the richness pattern (1) water-energy, temporal productivity-heterogeneity (AIC = 4498.800) and (2) water-energy, temporal productivity-heterogeneity and area (AIC = 4500.400). We conclude that the fish richness patterns in small Brazilian streams are better explained by a combination of Water-Energy + Productivity + Temporal Heterogeneity hypotheses and not by just one.

Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a guppy in an oceanic archipelago: from where did it come?

Poecilia vivipara, a small euryhaline guppy is reported at the Maceió River micro-basin in the Fernando de Noronha oceanic archipelago, northeast Brazil. However, the origin (human-mediated or natural dispersal) of this insular population is still controversial. The present study investigates how this population is phylogenetically related to the surrounding continental populations using the cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial gene from eleven river basins in South America. Our phylogenetic reconstruction showed a clear geographical distribution arrangement of P. vivipara lineages. The Fernando de Noronha haplotype fell within the 'north' clade, closely related to a shared haplotype between the Paraíba do Norte and Potengi basins; the geographically closest continental drainages. Our phylogenetic reconstruction also showed highly divergent lineages, suggesting that P. vivipara may represent a species complex along its wide distribution. Regarding to the insular population, P. vivipara may have been intentionally introduced to the archipelago for the purpose of mosquito larvae control during the occupation of a U.S. military base following World War II. However, given the euryhaline capacity of P. vivipara, a potential scenario of natural (passive or active) dispersal cannot be ruled out.

The bats of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil / Morcegos do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Rio Grande do Norte is one of the smallest states in Brazil but has a rich diversity of ecosystems, including Caatinga vegetation, remnants of Atlantic Forest, coastal habitats, mangroves and large karstic areas with caves. However, its chiropteran fauna is little known, and the state contains conspicuous gaps of information on the occurrence and distribution of bats in Brazil. In order to reduce this information gap, based on a review of scientific literature and regional mammal collections, we list 42 species of bats, including new occurrences for 13 species and discussion on their conservation status. Results show that more than half (54%) of the recorded species are phyllostomid bats, and about one third of the bats in the state roosts in underground cavities. The Caatinga harbored the highest bat richness in the state, including the occurrence of four vulnerable species (Furipterus horrens, Lonchorhina aurita, Natalus macrourus and Xeronycteris vieirai). The Atlantic Forest needs to be more sampled, including mangroves, coastal habitats and areas of Caatinga in the central region of the state (Borborema highlands), which are virtually unsurveyed. Although the recent increase of studies on bats in the state, future studies should complement conventional mistnetting with active roost search and bioacoustical records in order to obtain better data for unraveling the bat fauna of Rio Grande do Norte.

Resumo O Rio Grande do Norte é um dos menores estados do Brasil, mas possui grande diversidade de ecossistemas, incluindo vegetação de Caatinga, Mata Atlântica, habitats costeiros, manguezais e grandes áreas cársticas com cavernas. No entanto, a fauna de quirópteros é pouco conhecida, e o estado contém lacunas importantes sobre a ocorrência e distribuição de morcegos no Brasil. Para reduzir essa lacuna de informação, com base em uma revisão da literatura científica e coleções regionais de mamíferos, listamos 42 espécies de morcegos, incluindo novas ocorrências para 13 espécies e discusões sobre seu estado de conservação. Os resultados mostram que mais de metade (54%) das espécies registradas são morcegos filostomídeos e cerca de um terço dos morcegos no estado se abrigam em cavidades subterrâneas. A Caatinga abrigou a maior riqueza de morcegos no estado, incluindo a ocorrência de quatro espécies vulneráveis (Furipterus horrens, Lonchorhina aurita, Natalus macrourus e Xeronycteris vieirai). A Mata Atlântica precisa ser mais amostradas, incluindo manguezais, habitats costeiros e áreas de Caatinga principalmente na região central do estado (planalto da Borborema), que são virtualmente inexplorados. Embora o recente aumento das investigações no estado em relação aos morcegos, estudos futuros devem complementar os métodos convencionais de captura com procura ativa de abrigos e monitoramento bioacústico para obter melhores dados na tarefa de desvendar a diversidade de morcegos do Rio Grande do Norte.

Ichthyofauna of Ceará-Mirim River basin, Rio Grande do Norte State, northeastern Brazil.

Ichthyological studies in coastal basins of the Mid-Northeastern Caatinga ecoregion were first conducted in the early 20th century, including collections from the Ceará-Mirim River basin, in northeastern Brazil. Besides a few systematics and ecological studies, the knowledge on fishes from this watershed is still considered partial and restricted to the freshwater portion. Thus, the objective of this paper was to conduct a comprehensive ichthyological survey of the entire Ceará-Mirim River basin, from the headwaters to the estuarine area. Fish surveys were conducted from 2011 to 2016 using varied fishing gear, resulting in the record of 63 native species (24 freshwater, 15 estuarine, and 24 marine species) and two introduced species. Four species are putatively endemic to the ecoregion, and 48 consist of new records for the basin. According to the Brazilian's threatened fish list, three species are currently classified as 'vulnerable' (Megalops atlanticus, Hippocampus reidi and Mycteroperca bonaci), four as 'near threatened' (Kryptolebias hermaphroditus, Dormitator maculatus, Lutjanus sygnagris and L. jocu) and three as 'data deficient' (Cheirodon jaguaribensis, Mugil curema and Sphoeroides testudineus). The Ceará-Mirim River basin does not have any protected areas and has been suffering multiple anthropogenic impacts, however the "Centro Tecnológico de Aquicultura" (Aquaculture Technological Center) of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (CTA/UFRN) at the lower portion of the basin may help in the conservation of the estuarine and estuarine fish species.

Ichthyofauna of Mundaú river basin, Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil / Ictiofauna da bacia do rio Mundaú, Estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Mundaú river basin is located at Center-North Ceará State and occupies a total area of 2,227 km2, including Estuário do Rio Mundaú Environmental Protection Area. This study aimed to catalog the fishes of this basin. Collections were performed with active and passive gear in 35 sampling sites, between 2012 and 2014, in several habitats (main channels, streams, floodplains, permanent and temporary pools, ponds, and dams). A total of 2,545 specimens were collected, belonging to 55 species distributed in 10 orders, 31 families, and 50 genera; 30 of these are strictly freshwater species, and 25 estuarine-marine species. Three species (Hemigrammus guyanensis Gery, 1995, H. rodwayi Durbin, 1909 and Poecilia sarrafae Bragança & Costa, 2011) represent new records for the Mid-Northeastern Caatinga ecoregion. Besides, two cynolebiid species, Hypsolebias sp. and Anablepsoides cearensis (Costa & Vono, 2009), were found and the latter, currently classified as critically endangered, had its occurrence area widened.

Resumo A bacia do Rio Mundaú está situada no centro-norte do Estado do Ceará, e drena uma área de 2.227 km2 de Caatinga, incluindo a Área de Proteção Ambiental do Estuário do Rio Mundaú. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um inventário dos peixes desta bacia. As coletas foram realizadas com petrechos ativos e passivos, em 35 pontos amostrais entre 2012 e 2014 em diversos habitats (canal principal, córregos, alagados, poças permanentes e temporárias, lagoas e açudes) ao longo de toda a bacia. Um total de 2.545 indivíduos foram coletados, pertencentes a 55 espécies distribuídas em 10 ordens, 31 famílias e 50 gêneros; destas, 30 são estritamente de água doce e 25 estuarino-marinhas. Três espécies (Hemigrammus guyanensis Gery,1995, H. rodwayi Durbin, 1909 e Poecilia sarrafae Bragança & Costa, 2011) constituem novas ocorrências para a ecorregião do Nordeste Médio-Oriental. Além disso, foram registradas duas espécies de cinolebídeos, Hypsolebias sp. e Anablepsoides cearensis (Costa & Vono, 2009), a última classificada como criticamente ameaçada de extinção, teve sua área de ocorrência ampliada.

Ichthyofauna of the humid forest enclaves in the tablelands of Ibiapaba and Araripe, Northeastern Brazil / Ictiofauna dos enclaves de floresta úmida nos planaltos da Ibiapaba e do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Humid highland forest enclaves are remnants of Atlantic Forest found in tablelands within the Caatinga biome (Northeastern Brazil), which emerged during interglacial periods in the Pleistocene. These ecosystems have a highly diverse and endemic fish fauna. Most earlier surveys have focused on the tableland of Borborema (Pernambuco and Paraíba States). In this study we surveyed the fish fauna of the humid forest enclaves in the tablelands of Ibiapaba and Araripe, based on samples collected in the rainy season (March and April) between 2009 and 2014. The 45 sampling points covered rivers, streams and reservoirs in five river basins belonging to three ecoregions. The species were listed according to drainage divide, and endemism was determined for each ecoregion and for the Caatinga. Our area was more species-rich (n=59) than Borborema (n=27). The samples included five introduced species and 29 species endemic to the Caatinga (49.1% of the sampled species). The distribution of Parotocinclus haroldoi was expanded to the Mid-Northeastern Caatinga ecoregion (Timonha river basin, Ceará State). Our study intends to make a significant contribution to current knowledge of the ichthyofauna in humid highland forest enclaves of semiarid Northeastern Brazil, identified as a priority in the conservation of the biodiversity in the Caatinga.

Resumo Florestas úmidas são enclaves de Mata Atlântica em regiões elevadas inseridas no bioma Caatinga que surgiram no Pleistoceno em eventos interglaciais. Esses ecossistemas abrigam alta diversidade de espécies para diversos táxons e elevadas taxas de endemismo. A maioria dos levantamentos de peixes nesses ecossistemas foi realizada no Planalto da Borborema, nos Estados de Pernambuco e Paraíba. Dessa forma, visando conhecer a ictiofauna de dois enclaves de florestas úmidas no nordeste brasileiro, foram feitas coletas no período chuvoso (Março e Abril) entre 2009 e 2014 no Planalto da Ibiapaba e na Chapada do Araripe. Foram amostrados 45 pontos em rios, riachos e reservatórios em cinco bacias hidrográficas e três ecorregiões. A lista de espécies por drenagem e o endemismo foi definido para cada ecorregião e para a Caatinga. A riqueza de peixes (59 espécies) foi superior quando comparada a dos enclaves da Borborema (27), com cinco espécies introduzidas e 29 endêmicas para a Caatinga, o que representa 49,1% das espécies capturadas. Destaca-se a expansão de ocorrência de Parotocinclus haroldoi para a ecorregião do Mid-Northeastern Caatinga, na microbacia do rio Timonha, no Estado do Ceará. Este estudo pretende contribuir com informações inéditas para o conhecimento ictiofaunístico dos ecossistemas aquáticos dos brejos de alitude do semiárido brasileiro, apontadas como prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade da Caatinga.